Benjamin e



(No Model.)

B. R. NORTON.

' ARTESIAN WELL. 7 No. 248,664. Patented Oct. 25,1881.

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I I I Y 1T" L UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN R. NORTON, OF ALAMEDA, CALIFORNIA.

ARTESIAN WELL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 248,664, dated October25, 1881.

Application filed August 30, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN R. N ORTON, of Alameda, in the county ofAlameda, State of California, have invented an Improvement in ArtesianWells; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description thereof.

Myinvention relates to certain improvements in the sinking and tubingot' Artesian wells; and it consists in the formation of tubes having agreater diameter at theirlower ends and tapering gradually toward thetop.

Referring to the accompanying drawings tdr a more completeexplanation'of my invention, Figure 1 shows a section of the pipes. Fig.2 is an elevation. Fig. 3 is a perspective view.

The principal difficulty in the old mode of sinking is to force the pipeor tubing of uniform size down to any considerable depth, owing to thelateral pressure of the surrounding earth, and the usual result is, at adepth of from one to two hundred feet, the lateral pressure is so greatthat the pipe cannot be moved down with all the force available. Theonly alteration is to put down a smaller pipeinside of the first, andrepeat the same as often as the pipe gets stuck fast, and by that mode,if the well should reach a depth of five or six hundred feet, it wouldbe ofwlittle practical value, as the diameter of the pipe at the bottomof the well would probably be less than one-half the diameter at thetop.

By my improved method Imake the well pipe or tubing conical and inclinedabout two or three inches to the hundred feet, with the large end at thebottom, by which means I not only avoid the difficulty of getting thepipe stuck fast and held by the lateral pressure of the surroundingearth, but utilize the lateral pressure in forcing the pipe down-verylittle force more than the weight of the pipe and the lateralpressure-where the earth is excavated inside and underneath the pipe. Awell, say, of one thousand feet, would be started with pipe thirtyinches diameter, and, inclined two inches to the hundred feet it wouldterminate at the top with pipe ten inches diameter, which practicallywould be equal in value to a well thirtyinches diameter the entiredepth, and would cost less; and, further, it would be about impossibleto sink a well one thousand feet of thirty-inch diameter of uniform-sizepipe. A well constructed with conical pipe, as proposed, would be likereceiving the water into the large end of the funnel instead of thesmall end, as by the old mode.

. The boring or excavating of the well for conical pipe can be done byhand or steam power, and with any of the well-known tools. I prefersand-pumps constructed of half-inch boiler-plate, armed on the bottomwith heavy barbed irons for picking or loosening the earth or rock, thewhole weighing five or six hundred pounds, and worked by a rope attachedto a hoisting-engine, alternately hoisting and letting it drop eight orten feet,whioh would loosen the earth and fill the sand-pump with theloosened material. The sand-pump would be constantly changed inposition, so that it would not strike twice in the same place, and usespring-tools for cutting away the earth' from under lower edge of thepipe.

A and B are the sections of iny pipe, which are made tapering, asdescribed. Each inner section extends about half-way into the outsidesection below, and is riveted or otherwise secured to it. The upper endprojects out, so

that the next section above slips down over it.

The inner pipes all abut, and the outer ones also, so that the tube isdouble throughout its whole length, and has the strength of both tubes.7

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Conical tubing or pipe for Artesian and oil wells, having the largeend of the pipe or casing at the bottom, substantially as and for thepurpose herein described.

2. The exterior tubes, A, and the interior tubes, B, diminishing fromthe bottom upward, and so joined that each interior section overlaps orextends beyond the outer section to which it is secured, so as toreceive the next exterior section, which fits over it, and the ends ofeach series meet, so as to form a continuous tube, substantially as andfor the purpose herein described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

BENJAMIN R. NORTON. Witnesses:

FRANK A. BROOKS, S. H. NoURsn.

